PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND ANTIVENIN STUDIES ON LEAVES OF SECURINEGA VIROSA (ROXB EX WILLD) BAILL
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
ABSTRACT
7 Securinega virosa (Roxb ex Willd) Baill (Euphorbiaceae) is a small, deciduous, graceful shrub that is widely distributed in Africa. It is used to treat snakebites, syphilis, rheumatism and malaria. Plant based medicines are limited in use because of inadequate standardization. Major snakebite envenomings and fatalities occur in tropical regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa. Leaf pharmacognostic standards and antivenin potentials of n-hexane (8.00g), ethyl acetate (11.22g) and methanol (46.64g) extracts of Securinega virosa on Naja nigricollis venom were studied. The pharmacognostic studies to determine the leaf microscopic features such as stomata, trichomes, vascular bundles, calcium oxalates, stomatal index, stomatal number, palisade ratio, vein islet number and vein termination number. Physical constants such as moisture constant, ash values, and water and alcohol extractive values were determined. And, chemomicroscopical studies for detection of features cell wall materials and cell inclusions were also carried out. These include; cellulose, inulin, suberin/cuticle, gum and mucilage, starch grain, aleurone grain, calcium oxalates and calcium carbonate. The preliminary and the thin layer chromatographic phytochemical screening and the fingerprinting were also conducted. The antivenin studies were divided into in vitro phospholipase A2 assay, acute toxicity, in vivo modulatory activity which is a rodent lethality test assay in mice and histopathological study. The leaf possessed abaxial anomocytic stomata, few trichomes and prism of calcium oxalate. Stomatal number; 56 and stomatal index; 13, palisade ratio; 20, vein termination number; 6, vein islet number; 3 were determined as quantitative microscopic leaf constants. Chemo-microscopically, the leaf was found to contain cellulose, lignin, suberin, gum and mucilage (as cell wall materials). The ergastic substances observed include: starch grains, calcium oxalate and calcium carbonate, inulin and tannins, while aleurone grain was absent. Moisture, total ash and acid insoluble ash were found to be 5.6%, 11.7% and 1.2% respectively. Ethanol extractive and water extractive 8 values were found to be 22.00% and 34.00% respectively. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts revealed the presence of steroids/triterpenes and deoxy sugars in all the three extracts. In addition, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids were present in ethyl acetate and methanol extracts respectively. The thin layer chromatographic fingerprints of n-hexane, ethylacetate and methanol extracts revealed eleven (11) spots in hexane: ethyl acetate (9:1), fourteen (14) spots in hexane: ethyl acetate (13:7) and eleven (11) spots in butanol: acetic acid: water (10:1:1). The thin layer phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, saponins and triterpenes/ steroids but absence of flavonoids and anthraquinones in n-hexane and methanol extracts. Phenols, saponins and steroids/ triterpenes were present but absence of alkaloids, anthraquinones and flavonoids were noted in ethylacetate extract. N-Hexane extract produced the best protection against lethal dose (9.55mg) of Naja nigricollis venom which is significant at 20mg/kg at p-value < 0.05. Histopathology of brain, lungs, heart, liver and kidneys shows a near normal feature of the various organs examined after treatment of mice Important pharmacognostic characters were determined for proper identification of Securinega virosa, while the extracts presented a significant protection against venom of Naja nigricollis toxicity in mice.
Related Project Materials
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF BANDITRY ON RURAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
The study is focused on a critical investiagation of banditry on rural community development using funtua local...
PSYCHO-SOCIAL INFLUENCE OF CIGARETTE SMOKING AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TARABA STATE, NIGERIA
Background to the Study
Tobacco is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. Particularly, in developing countries it h...
CAUSES AND EFFECT OF POOR NUTRITION ON CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF 15 YEARS: A CASE STUDY OF EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
ABSTRACT
In this study attempt has been made highlighting the effect of poor nutrition affecting children under the age...
THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON INFLATION IN NIGERIA
Abstract
This study examined the impact of government expenditure on inflation in Nigeria. This researc...
THE ROLE OF INDUSTRY CERTIFICATIONS IN ENHANCING EMPLOYABILITY
Abstract: This study investigates the role of industry certifications in enhancing employab...
ROLE OF INSPECTION IN PRODUCT QUALITY MANAGEMENT DRIVE IN NORTHERN NOODLES LTD, KADUNA
ABSTRACT
Although inspection has always been integral to every organization in Nigeria, it has either been ignored or r...
THE EFFECT OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON NIGERIA CRIME RATE
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to examine an empirical study on the effect of unemployment on Nige...
EXAMINATION OF MONETARY POLICY AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANK IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This study examined the effect of monetary policy on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeri...
CONTRIBUTION OF SMALL-SCALE ENTERPRISE TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
Content of this project reveals the contributions of small sale enterprise to economic development and it&rsquo...
EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISE ON CARDIORESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN IBADAN NORTH-EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OYO STATE, NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
Positive health and wellness across all ages have been associated with regular participation in aerobic activities. Studies have...
